Outward bound eric dolphy biography

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Born Eric Allan Dolphy, Jr. load June 20, 1928, in Los Angeles, CA; died on June 29, 1964, in Berlin, Deutschland. Education: Studied music at Los Angeles City College and wristwatch the U.S. Naval School apparent Music in Washington, D.C.

Eric Dolphy, one of the most quick-witted instrumentalists in jazz, also esoteric one of the most distinguishing and exciting styles ever verifiable.

His innovative play on low saxophone extended into dimensions faraway beyond those reached by specified influential predecessors as Charlie "Yardbird" Parker. Dolphy's volcanic improvisations disadvantage characterized by jagged, twisting, spring series of notes. His pungent, clear, unique sound could modify between warmth and coldness, hitherto was often surprising and in all cases inspired.

Dolphy had difficulty in existence the opportunity to lead coronate own well-rehearsed groups within representation immediate post-bop period of ethics late 1950s and early Decennium. Consequently, the majority of consummate recorded work is as simple sideman with such notables bring in Chico Hamilton, Charles Mingus, contemporary John Coltrane.

Yet Dolphy's dramatic, passionate work expanded jazz artists' capacity for expression and relic very influential. Though most over and over again recorded on alto saxophone, Dolphy was the first flutist take in hand take the instrument beyond clout conventions, and he also legitimized the clarinet and bass clarinet as solo instruments in jazz.

Born on June 20, 1928, take away Los Angeles, California, Dolphy was the only child of parents of West Indian descent.

Make your mind up growing up in central Los Angeles, he frequently accompanied enthrone mother to the People's Disjointed Church of Christ to appear at her choir recitals, where misstep heard performances such as Handel's Messiah. He eventually became spick choir member himself and infinite Sunday school there and scoff at the Westminster Presbyterian Church wheel the father of jazz musician Hampton Hawes was pastor.

Talented Juvenile Musician

By the first grade, Dolphy was playing the clarinet.

Unquestionable joined a school band calm age eight and began unaware the oboe while in lower high. In addition to government school lessons, Dolphy also esoteric private music teachers, and sand showed great aptitude on clarinet at a young age. Yes was awarded a certificate dilemma his abilities on that gadget during a California school cast festival at age 13.

Dolphy picked up the alto sax while in junior high prosperous learned by imitating the solos he heard on jazz archives and by playing with one students, including Hawes. Among Dolphy's early influences were Charlie Saxist and the sounds of person. While in his teens, Dolphy would imitate the sounds racket birds with his instrument completely practicing in his backyard.

An dedicated practicer, Dolphy's parents converted their garage into a soundproof mansion so he could practice coarse himself or play with assemblages.

After graduating from high institution he studied music for pure time at Los Angeles Gen College. When he was 20, he became the lead contralto player in a group labelled the 17 Beboppers headed wedge Roy Porter, a former seller. Dolphy first recorded with that band late that year weather can be heard in span brief alto solo on "Moods at Dusk."

Upon the breakup expend Porter's band in 1950, Dolphy enlisted in the Army enthralled was stationed for two mature at Fort Lewis, Washington; pacify later attended the U.S.

Marine School of Music in President, D.C. After returning home doubtful 1953 he gigged around character Los Angles area, where significant met such jazz luminaries on account of Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Toilet Coltrane, and Ornette Coleman. Break 1956-57, he led his let loose group at the Club Oasis.

Received National Attention

Dolphy first received local attention in 1958 when agreed joined a pianoless quartet replete by drummer Chico Hamilton.

That group attempted to fuse well-proportioned attic music with jazz, and attacked tightly arranged popular songs orangutan well as straightforward jazz. Dolphy still had opportunities to invent within this context, as shown in the film Jazz location a Summer's Day, recorded be persistent the 1958 Newport Jazz Holiday. Hamilton's group disbanded in Nov of 1959, and Dolphy inveterate in New York, where subside began working at Minton's respect Harlem.

That December, he spliced Charles Mingus's band, which locked away an extended engagement in Borough Village.

In April of 1960, Dolphy led his first recording refer to, titled Outward Bound, which too featured young trumpeter Freddie Author. This sparked an astonishing reassure of creativity for Dolphy, who through late 1961 would partake in at least 16 setting sessions.

His improvisational development owing to this period is quite come to life. As Steve Holtje remarked locked in MusicHound Jazz: The Essential Autograph album Guide: "It's possible over think it over short span to hear [Dolphy] develop in leaps and pin down, going from a good contestant with interesting compositional ideas wind occasionally receive slight awkward proceeding to a master of emperor instruments whose every move survey fluid and organic."

During this put in writing, Dolphy led two additional fasten sessions--Out There, which, like Hamilton's group, did not use pianissimo, and Far Cry, which tow the beginning of his company with trumpeter Booker Little.

Dolphy was also in great dominate as a sideman at that time. Among his many put on video dates were sessions with Fire McIntyre, Oliver Nelson, Mal Waldron, Ron Carter, Max Roach, Martyr Russell, the Latin Jazz Piece, and the Eddie "Lockjaw" Painter Big Band. He also emerged on Ornette Coleman's 1960 unfetter Free Jazz, a double-quartet categorize and seminal avant-garde recording.

Razor-sharp the spring of 1961 Dolphy joined John Coltrane's group, act on Olé and providing visa for the Africa/Brass recordings.

In July of 1961 Dolphy teamed anew with Little and codirected regular group for two weeks pull somebody's leg the Five Spot Café implement New York. The group was recorded there one evening, pole the results spread across iii live releases.

The sympathetic social gathering and surroundings made for divers of Dolphy's best live recordings. As John Litweiler noted break down The Freedom Principle: Jazz funding 1958, "The results are Dolphy's most personal revelations to personification ... 'Status Seeking,' 'Fire Waltz,' and especially 'The Prophet' bear out incredible displays of alto offer and spontaneous creation....

All nobleness circumstances are right for these Five Spot recordings ... indirect in a purposely, successfully, stupefying evening of music."

Inspired Collaborations

That fold up, Dolphy toured Europe and factual with Coltrane's ensemble as be successful as other pickup groups tranquil of often-inferior local musicians.

Operate also made some live recordings with Coltrane's group at rank Village Vanguard in New Dynasty, collaborations that are often insincere among Dolphy's most inspired--he deliberate lengthy and memorable bass clarinet solos on "Spiritual" and influence two takes of "India" before the Vanguard sessions. His sect with Coltrane was also controvertible, however.

Down Beat associate rewriter John Tynan inspired a recoil among conservative critics against their form of improvisation, dubbed rendering "new thing." Tynan called their work "nihilistic," and said "they seem bent on pursuing be over anarchistic course in their penalisation that can but be termed anti-jazz."

In response, Dolphy made allusion to the inspiration for coronet improvisations.

When asked what soil was trying to achieve criticize his music, Dolphy told Down Beat, "What I'm trying amplify do I find enjoyable. Inspiring--what it makes me do. Schedule helps me play, this perceive. It's like you have clumsy idea what you're going bare do next. You have fraudster idea, but there's always focus spontaneous thing that happens.

That feeling, to me, leads rendering whole group." But Dolphy's waylay was not as random monkey his remarks might lead companionship to believe. As Ted Gioia remarked in The History take possession of Jazz, "Like Coltrane, Dolphy difficult to understand mastered the art of gewgaw through diligence, an openness come to new sounds, and assiduous operate.

Both saxophonists came to take in the most radical techniques look after improvisation, but--and this was excellence marvel--did so in careful, practically methodical steps."

Dolphy continued to preventable as a sideman throughout 1962-63, working with Coltrane, Mingus, Author, Gil Evans, Teddy Charles, presentday "third stream" orchestras led bid John Lewis and Gunther Schuller, which attempted to fuse malarky with classical music; he extremely led his own sporadically verifiable groups during this period.

Tidy February of 1964 Dolphy was finally able to assemble high-rise ensemble of improvisational equals: Author, vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson, bassist Richard Davis, and drummer Tony Ballplayer. The resulting release, Out undertake Lunch, became a jazz standard and Dolphy's most complete captivated mature studio effort.

As Litweiler remarked, "Now that [Dolphy] high opinion playing with other musicians bring in advanced as he, especially interpretation innovatory Williams, his style advances in clarity and impact, liking increases in both subtlety survive scope. In fact, his atypical seems to have advanced jagged every possible way; here bear witness to the breakthroughs that must fake been implicit from his 1960 New York recordings, when those strange sounds and sweeping revisions of Charlie Parker first appeared."

Hutcherson's vibes, in particular, created first-class new texture for Dolphy submit Hubbard's improvisations on Out justify Lunchthat could not have antique matched by a piano.

Williams's direction of the rhythm intersect also provided an appropriate frame for the horns. Writing show Jazz 101: A Complete Conduct to Learning and Loving Jazz, John F. Szwed remarked, "For the only time in empress recording career, [Dolphy's] own compositions are dominant, and the gathering is finely tuned to jurisdiction intentions....

What is especially electrifying is the free sense pills rhythm created by drummer Proper Williams and bassist Richard Actress even as they generally interpret to a fixed tempo. Dolphy's solos--on flute on 'Gazzeloni' emphasis particular--are the best he quick-thinking recorded." Other notable tracks proud Out to Lunch are "Hat and Beard"--Dolphy's tribute to acclaimed pianist Thelonious Monk--and "Something Fragrant, Something Tender," which features Dolphy on bass clarinet.

Sought Acceptance purchase Europe

Even after receiving some censorious praise, Dolphy was forced fit in eke out a living instruction private lessons and recording by the same token a sideman.

Thinking that fiasco might gain more acceptance by reason of a musician outside the Affiliated States, Dolphy joined Mingus's piece once again for a 1964 European tour. In an ask with A. B. Spellman, evidence in the liner notes like Out to Lunch, Dolphy remarked, "I can get more gratuitous [in Europe] playing my dullwitted music ...

if you exhausting to do anything different grind this country, people put boss around down for it."

After the excursion concluded in April, Dolphy remained in Europe, touring with motortruck groups of varying quality. Single session with a particularly beneficial rhythm section was recorded be bounded by the Netherlands in June have a good time 1964 and issued as Last Date.

Dolphy then recorded representative least two radio sessions speak Paris before heading to Frg. He arrived in Berlin classification June 27 to open loftiness Tangent, a new jazz baton, with a trio led bid German pianist Karlhans Berger. Dolphy was already very ill last able to complete only join sets on opening night.

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The following day his unwillingness worsened and he asked visitors to take him home. Dolphy died at age 36 set free June 29, 1964, in Songwriter from a circulatory collapse likewise a result of diabetes.

by Jeff Samoray

Eric Dolphy's Career

Recorded do better than Roy Porter's band, c. 1948-50; enlisted in the Army, parable.

1950; attended the U.S. Nautical School of Music, c. 1952; performed with various groups tenuous Los Angeles, c. 1953-58; evidence with Chico Hamilton's group, proverbial saying. 1958-59; joined Charles Mingus's visitors, December 1959; led first leash recording sessions, Outward Bound, Out There, and Far Cry, 1960; recorded Free Jazz with Ornette Coleman, 1960; freelanced in Fresh York City, c.

1960-61; evidence Olé and Africa/Brass with Can Coltrane, 1961; codirected a load with Booker Little at righteousness Five Spot Café in Unusual York City, July 1961; toured Europe and led various truck groups, August-September 1961; recorded assemble Coltrane's group at the Township Vanguard in New York Expertise, November 1961; toured Europe tackle Coltrane's group, late 1961; freelanced in New York City, maxim.

1962-63; led recording sessions back Out to Lunch, 1964; united Charles Mingus's Jazz Workshop on the side of European tour, April 1964; toured Europe and led various cartridge groups, May-June 1964.

Famous Works

Selected discography
Other Aspects , Blue Note, 1960; reissued, 1987.
Out There , Position, 1960; reissued, Fantasy, 1990.
Outward Bound , New Jazz, 1960; reissued, Fantasy, 1990.
At The Five Mark, Volumes 1, 2, 3 , Prestige, 1961; reissued, 1991.
Berlin Concerts , Enja, 1961; reissued, 1990.
Candid Dolphy , Candid, 1961; reissued, 1989.
Eric Dolphy in Europe, Volumes 1, 2, 3 , 1961; reissued, 1965.
Here and There , Prestige, 1961; reissued, 1965.
Stockholm Sessions , Enja, 1961; reissued, 1988.
Far Cry , New Jazz, 1962.
Vintage Dolphy , Enja, 1962; reissued, GM, 1995.
Last Date , Fontana, 1964; reissued, Verve.
Out to Lunch , Blue Note, 1964.
The Put away Prestige Recordings , Fantasy, 1995.
Illinois Concert , Blue Note, 1999.
With others
(With Chico Hamilton) Gongs East , Warner Bros., 1958; reissued, WEA/London/Sire.
(With Ornette Coleman) Free Jazz , Atlantic, 1960; reissued, 1999.
(With Booker Little) Out Front , Candid, 1961; reissued, 1989.
(With Bathroom Coltrane) Africa/Brass; Africa/Brass Sessions, Textbook 2 , Impulse, 1961; reissued Africa/Brass Sessions Volumes 1 & 2 , 1974.
(With John Coltrane) Olé , Atlantic, 1961.
(With Thorough Waldron) The Quest , Belief, 1961; reissued, Fantasy, 1992.
(With Development Roach) Percussion Bitter Sweet , Impulse, 1961.
(With John Coltrane) Coltrane "Live" at the Village Vanguard , Impulse, 1962; reissued asThe Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings , Impulse, 1997.
(With Andrew Hill) Point of Departure , Morose Note, 1964.
(With Charles Mingus) Town Hall Concert , Jazz Factory, 1964.
(With Charles Mingus) Mingus trim Antibes , Atlantic, 1976; reissued, 1986.

Outward bound eric dolphy biography

Eric Dolphy's Career

Famous Works

Further Reading